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Apache POI Word - Core Classes. This chapter takes you through the classes and methods of Apache POI for managing a Word document. This is a marker interface (interface do not contain any methods), that notifies that the implemented class can be able to create a word document.

• Apache POI Word Tutorial

• Apache POI Word Useful Resources

• Selected Reading

Many a time, a software application is required to generate reference documents in Microsoft Word file format. Sometimes, an application is even expected to receive Word files as input data.

Any Java programmer who wants to produce MS-Office files as output must use a predefined and read-only API to do so.

What is Apache POI?

Apache POI is a popular API that allows programmers to create, modify, and display MS-Office files using Java programs. It is an open source library developed and distributed by Apache Software Foundation to design or modify MS-Office files using Java program. It contains classes and methods to decode the user input data or a file into MS-Office documents.

Components of Apache POI

Apache POI contains classes and methods to work on all OLE2 Compound documents of MS-Office. The list of components of this API is given below −

• POIFS (Poor Obfuscation Implementation File System) − This component is the basic factor of all other POI elements. It is used to read different files explicitly.

• HSSF (Horrible SpreadSheet Format) − It is used to read and write .xls format of MS-Excel files.

• XSSF (XML SpreadSheet Format) − It is used for .xlsx file format of MS-Excel.

• HPSF (Horrible Property Set Format) − It is used to extract property sets of the MS-Office files.

• HWPF (Horrible Word Processor Format) − It is used to read and write .doc extension files of MS-Word.

• XWPF (XML Word Processor Format) − It is used to read and write .docx extension files of MS-Word.

• HSLF (Horrible Slide Layout Format) − It is used to read, create, and edit PowerPoint presentations.

• HDGF (Horrible DiaGram Format) − It contains classes and methods for MS-Visio binary files.

• HPBF (Horrible PuBlisher Format) − It is used to read and write MS-Publisher files.

This tutorial guides you through the process of working on MS-Word files using Java. Therefore the discussion is confined to HWPF and XWPF components.

Note − OLDER VERSIONS OF POI SUPPORT BINARY FILE FORMATS SUCH AS DOC, XLS, PPT, ETC. VERSION 3.5 ONWARDS, POI SUPPORTS OOXML FILE FORMATS OF MS-OFFICE SUCH AS DOCX, XLSX, PPTX, ETC.

This chapter takes you through the process of setting up Apache POI on Windows and Linux based systems. Apache POI can be easily installed and integrated with your current Java environment, following a few simple steps without any complex setup procedures. User administration is required while installation.

System Requirements

Let us now proceed with the steps to install Apache POI.

Step 1: Verify your Java Installation

First of all, you need to have Java Software Development Kit (SDK) installed on your system. To verify this, execute any of the two commands mentioned below, depending on the platform you are working on.

If the Java installation has been done properly, then it will display the current version and specification of your Java installation. A sample output is given in the following table −

• We assume that the readers of this tutorial have Java SDK version 1.7.0_60 installed on their system.

• In case you do not have Java SDK, download its current version from https://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/javase/downloads/index.html and have it installed.

Step 2: Set your Java Environment

Set the environment variable JAVA_HOME to point to the base directory location where Java is installed on your machine. For example,

Append the full path of Java compiler location to the System Path.

Execute the command java - version from the command prompt as explained above.

Step 3: Install Apache POI Library

Download the latest version of Apache POI from https://poi.apache.org/download.html and unzip its contents to a folder from where the required libraries can be linked to your Java program. Let us assume the files are collected in a folder on C drive.

The following images shows the directories and the file structure inside the downloaded folder −

Add the complete path of the five jars as highlighted in the above image to the CLASSPATH.

This chapter takes you through the classes and methods of Apache POI for managing a Word document.

Document

This is a marker interface (interface do not contain any methods), that notifies that the implemented class can be able to create a word document.

XWPFDocument

This is a class under org.apache.poi.xwpf.usermodel package. It is used to create MS-Word Document with .docx file format.

Class Methods

For the remaining methods of this class, refer the complete API document at −

Package org.apache.poi.openxml4j.opc.internal.

XWPFParagraph

This is a class under org.apache.poi.xwpf.usermodel package and is used to create paragraph in a word document. This instance is also used to add all types of elements into word document.

Class Methods

For the remaining methods of this class, refer the complete API document at −

XWPFRun

This is a class under org.apache.poi.xwpf.usermodel package and is used to add a region of text to the paragraph.

Class Methods

For the remaining methods of this class, refer the complete API document at −

XWPFStyle

This is a class under org.apache.poi.xwpf.usermodel package and is used to add different styles to the object elements in a word document.

Class Methods

For the remaining methods of this class, refer the complete API document at −

XWPFTable

This is a class under org.apache.poi.xwpf.usermodel package and is used to add table data into a word document.

Class Methods

For the remaining methods of this class, refer the complete API document at:POI API Documentation

XWPFWordExtractor

This is a class under org.apache.poi.xwpf.extractor package. It is a basic parser class used to extract the simple text from a Word document.

Class Methods

For the remaining methods of this class, refer the complete API document at:POI API Documentation

Here the term 'document' refers to a MS-Word file. After completion of this chapter, you will be able to create new documents and open existing documents using your Java program.

Create Blank Document

The following simple program is used to create a blank MS-Word document −

Save the above Java code as CreateDocument.java, and then compile and execute it from the command prompt as follows −

If your system environment is configured with the POI library, it will compile and execute to generate a blank Excel file named createdocument.docx in your current directory and display the following output in the command prompt −

In this chapter you will learn how to create a Paragraph and how to add it to a document using Java. Paragraph is a part of a page in a Word file.

After completing this chapter, you will be able to create a Paragraph and perform read operations on it.

Create a Paragraph

First of all, let us create a Paragraph using the referenced classes discussed in the earlier chapters. By following the previous chapter, create a Document first, and then we can create a Paragraph.

The following code snippet is used to create a spreadsheet −

Run on Paragraph

You can enter the text or any object element, using Run. Using Paragraph instance you can create run.

The following code snippet is used to create a Run.

Write into a Paragraph

Let us try entering some text into a document. Consider the below text data −

The following code is used to write the above data into a paragraph.

Save the above Java code as CreateParagraph.java, and then compile and run it from the command prompt as follows −

It will compile and execute to generate a Word file named createparagraph.docx in your current directory and you will get the following output in the command prompt −

The createparagraph.docx file looks as follows.

In this chapter, you will learn how to apply border to a paragraph using Java programming.

Applying Border

The following code is used to apply Borders in a Document −

Save the above code in a file named ApplyingBorder.java, compile and execute it from the command prompt as follows −

If your system is configured with the POI library, then it will compile and execute to generate a Word document named applyingborder.docx in your current directory and display the following output −

The applyingborder.docx file looks as follows −

In this chapter, you will learn how to create a table of data in a document. You can create a table data by using XWPFTable class. By adding each Row to table and adding each cell to Row, you will get table data.

Create Table

The following code is used to creating table in a document −

Save the above code in a file named CreateTable.java. Compile and execute it from the command prompt as follows −

It generates a Word file named createtable.docx in your current directory and display the following output on the command prompt −

The createtable.docx file looks as follows −

This chapter shows how to apply different font styles and alignments in a Word document using Java. Generally, Font Style contains: Font size, Type, Bold, Italic, and Underline. And Alignment is categorized into left, center, right, and justify.

Font Style

The following code is used to set different styles of font −

Save the above code as FontStyle.java and then compile and execute it from the command prompt as follows −

It will generate a Word file named fontstyle.docx in your current directory and display the following output on the command prompt −

The fontstyle.docx file looks as follows.

Alignment

The following code is used to set alignment to the paragraph text −

Save the above code as AlignParagraph.java and then compile and execute it from the command prompt as follows −

It will generate a Word file named alignparagraph.docx in your current directory and display the following output in the command prompt −

The alignparagraph.docx file looks as follows −

This chapter explains how to extract simple text data from a Word document using Java. In case you want to extract metadata from a Word document, make use of Apache Tika.

For .docx files, we use the class org.apache.poi.xwpf.extractor.XPFFWordExtractor that extracts and returns simple data from a Word file. In the same way, we have different methodologies to extract headings, footnotes, table data, etc. from a Word file.

The following code shows how to extract simple text from a Word file −

Save the above code as WordExtractor.java. Compile and execute it from the command prompt as follows −

It will generate the following output:

Project News

20 January 2021 - POI 5.0.0 available

The Apache POI team is pleased to announce the release of 5.0.0. This release features full JPMS support, updated ECMA-376 OOXML schemas, various rendering fixes in the Common SL/EMF modules. Several dependencies were also updated to their latest versions to pick up security fixes and other improvements.

A summary of changes is available in the Release Notes. A full list of changes is available in the change log. People interested should also follow the dev list to track progress.

See the downloads page for more details.

POI requires Java 8 or newer since version 4.0.1.

13 January 2021 - CVE-2021-23926 - XML External Entity (XXE) Processing in Apache XMLBeans versions prior to 3.0.0

Description:
When parsing XML files using XMLBeans 2.6.0 or below, the underlying parser created by XMLBeans could be susceptible to XML External Entity (XXE) attacks.

This issue was fixed a few years ago but on review, we decided we should have a CVE to raise awareness of the issue.

Mitigation:
Affected users are advised to update to Apache XMLBeans 3.0.0 or above which fixes this vulnerability. XMLBeans 4.0.0 or above is preferable.

References: XML external entity attack

16 October 2020 - XMLBeans 4.0.0 available

The Apache POI team is pleased to announce the release of XMLBeans 4.0.0. This release features some updates to support Saxon-HE 10.

A summary of changes is available in the Release Notes. People interested should also follow the POI dev list to track progress.

The XMLBeans JIRA project has been reopened and feel free to open issues.

POI 5.0.0 uses XMLBeans 4.0.0.

XMLBeans requires Java 8 or newer since version 4.0.0.

20 October 2019 - CVE-2019-12415 - XML External Entity (XXE) Processing in Apache POI versions prior to 4.1.1

Description:
When using the tool XSSFExportToXml to convert user-provided Microsoft Excel documents, a specially crafted document can allow an attacker to read files from the local filesystem or from internal network resources via XML External Entity (XXE) Processing.

Mitigation:
Apache POI 4.1.0 and before: users who do not use the tool XSSFExportToXml are not affected. Affected users are advised to update to Apache POI 4.1.1 which fixes this vulnerability.

Credit: This issue was discovered by Artem Smotrakov from SAP

References: XML external entity attack

26 March 2019 - XMLBeans 3.1.0 available

The Apache POI team is pleased to announce the release of XMLBeans 3.1.0. Featured are a handful of bug fixes.

The Apache POI project has unretired the XMLBeans codebase and is maintaining it as a sub-project, due to its importance in the poi-ooxml codebase.

A summary of changes is available in the Release Notes. People interested should also follow the POI dev list to track progress.

The XMLBeans JIRA project has been reopened and feel free to open issues.

POI 4.1.0 uses XMLBeans 3.1.0.

XMLBeans requires Java 6 or newer since version 3.0.2.

11 January 2019 - Initial support for JDK 11

We did some work to verify that compilation with Java 11 is working and that all unit-tests pass.

See the details in the FAQ entry.

Mission Statement

The Apache POI Project's mission is to create and maintain Java APIs for manipulating various file formats based upon the Office Open XML standards (OOXML) and Microsoft's OLE 2 Compound Document format (OLE2). In short, you can read and write MS Excel files using Java. In addition, you can read and write MS Word and MS PowerPoint files using Java. Apache POI is your Java Excel solution (for Excel 97-2008). We have a complete API for porting other OOXML and OLE2 formats and welcome others to participate.

OLE2 files include most Microsoft Office files such as XLS, DOC, and PPT as well as MFC serialization API based file formats. The project provides APIs for the OLE2 Filesystem (POIFS) and OLE2 Document Properties (HPSF).

Office OpenXML Format is the new standards based XML file format found in Microsoft Office 2007 and 2008. This includes XLSX, DOCX and PPTX. The project provides a low level API to support the Open Packaging Conventions using openxml4j.

For each MS Office application there exists a component module that attempts to provide a common high level Java api to both OLE2 and OOXML document formats. This is most developed for Excel workbooks (SS=HSSF+XSSF). Work is progressing for Word documents (WP=HWPF+XWPF) and PowerPoint presentations (SL=HSLF+XSLF).

The project has some support for Outlook (HSMF). Microsoft opened the specifications to this format in October 2007. We would welcome contributions.

There are also projects for Visio (HDGF and XDGF), TNEF (HMEF), and Publisher (HPBF).

As a general policy we collaborate as much as possible with other projects to provide this functionality. Examples include: Cocoon for which there are serializers for HSSF; Open Office.org with whom we collaborate in documenting the XLS format; and Tika / Lucene, for which we provide format interpretors. When practical, we donate components directly to those projects for POI-enabling them.

Why should I use Apache POI?

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A major use of the Apache POI api is for Text Extraction applications such as web spiders, index builders, and content management systems.

So why should you use POIFS, HSSF or XSSF?

You'd use POIFS if you had a document written in OLE 2 Compound Document Format, probably written using MFC, that you needed to read in Java. Alternatively, you'd use POIFS to write OLE 2 Compound Document Format if you needed to inter-operate with software running on the Windows platform. We are not just bragging when we say that POIFS is the most complete and correct implementation of this file format to date!

You'd use HSSF if you needed to read or write an Excel file using Java (XLS). You'd use XSSF if you need to read or write an OOXML Excel file using Java (XLSX). The combined SS interface allows you to easily read and write all kinds of Excel files (XLS and XLSX) using Java. Additionally there is a specialized SXSSF implementation which allows to write very large Excel (XLSX) files in a memory optimized way.

Components

The Apache POI Project provides several component modules some of which may not be of interest to you. Use the information on our Components page to determine which jar files to include in your classpath.

Contributing

So you'd like to contribute to the project? Great! We need enthusiastic, hard-working, talented folks to help us on the project, no matter your background. So if you're motivated, ready, and have the time: Download the source from the Subversion Repository, build the code, join the mailing lists, and we'll be happy to help you get started on the project!

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Please read our Contribution Guidelines. When your contribution is ready submit a patch to our Bug Database.